Centos7运用rsync实现数据同步和ssh远程登录

原创

小哥 3年前 (2022-11-04) 阅读数 40 #大杂烩

(1)实验环境

两台CentOS7：

youxi1　　192.168.1.6

youxi2　　192.168.1.7

这里我将防火墙关闭进行实验，如果防火墙开启，请将端口加入到防火墙规则中。

(2).目标

在ssh端口不为22的情况下，进行单向免密登录或双向免密登录（端口不一致）

(3).实验

首先修改两台服务器的端口，vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config，找到如下部分

#Port 22

将#去除，22改为想要的端口号。这里我将youxi1的ssh端口号改为2890，youxi2的ssh端口号改为2891。

接着使用命令systemctl restart sshd重启服务。再使用netstat -tlunp | grep sshd查看端口号（如果没有netstat请安装net-tools）

[root@youxi1 Packages]# netstat -tlunp | grep sshd //youxi1

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2890 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9953/sshd

tcp6 0 0 :::2890 :::* LISTEN 9953/sshd

[root@youxi2 ~]# netstat -tlunp | grep sshd //youxi2

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2891 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17526/sshd

tcp6 0 0 :::2891 :::* LISTEN 17526/sshd

1）单向免密登录

youxi1使用ssh远程youxi2不需要密码，但youxi2使用ssh远程youxi1需要密码

在yousi1上使用ssh-keygen生成公钥和私钥（这里使用默认的rsa），一路默认即可

[root@youxi1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa //默认指定的是rsa，所以可以没有-t rsa

Generating public / private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): //选项没有指定生成地址时，此处也可以指定

Created directory /root/.ssh .

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is :

SHA256:ia+le9ZX3cAxztmIINJbWnEGrK9lq4lY4pYNevgqecM root@youxi1

The keys randomart image is :

+---[RSA 2048]----+

| . .ooo |

| . o =o o |

| . B . = * |

| .+. . B .|

| . S. o.|

| . . + . o|

| o o.+. o= . . |

|o E.++.=+.o . |

| o.*+ =+o. . |

+----[SHA256]-----+

在没有指定生成地址时，会默认生成到家目录下的.ssh/目录下。使用rsa就会生成id_rsa和id_rsa.pub两个文件，如果使用的是dsa则生成的是id_dsa和id_dsa.pub两个文件。

[root@youxi1 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/

id_rsa id_rsa.pub

接着使用命令ssh-copy-id命令将公钥发到youxi2服务器上

[root@youxi1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub -p2891 root@192.168.1.7 //-p选项指定被远程的服务器的端口号

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub"

The authenticity of host [192.168.1.7]:2891 ([192.168.1.7]:2891) cant be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:j3ee8eoTo2XEv0QxCYmxphMipcNRxC+IONPmt1HwRLg.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:25:e2:b4:08:f2:79:7d:6e:42:84:b5:78:3d:6a:81:20.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes //yes继续

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

root@192.168.1.7s password: //输入192.168.1.7服务器上的root用户的密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh -p 2891 root@192.168.1.7"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

公钥传完后虽然会在本地生成.ssh/known_hosts文件，但并不生效。而在youxi2服务器的root用户的家目录下生成.ssh目录，并含有authorized_keys文件。

[root@youxi1 ~]# ls .ssh/

authorized_keys

此时youxi1上的id_rsa.pub文件与youxi2是上的authorized_keys文件相同。

最后测试：在youxi1上ssh远程youxi2，会发现并不需要输入密码

[root@youxi1 ~]# ssh -p 2891 root@192.168.1.7

Last login: Sun May 12 17:46:49 2019 from youxi1.cn

[root@youxi2 ~]# ls .ssh/

authorized_keys

注意：是本机生成的公钥发给被远程的服务器，在发送公钥和远程服务器时，都需要指定被远程的服务器的端口号。

2）双向免密登录

双向免密就是互换公钥即可，这里接着上面把youxi2的公钥发送到youxi1上，并进行测试。

[root@youxi2 ~]# ssh-keygen

Generating public / private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is :

SHA256:9+woxNPvkE99zGUEZNcI+DJaUUIZXXMKb7k/Y6kPiJU root@youxi2

The keys randomart image is :

+---[RSA 2048]----+

| .+*++*.+|

| +..+.B.|

| o = .|

| + o. o |

| .S+.E . o|

| =.++.. =o|

| . ooo+..==|

| . *. +.o|

| ...+... |

+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@youxi2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub -p2890 root@192.168.1.6

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: ".ssh/id_rsa.pub"

The authenticity of host [192.168.1.6]:2890 ([192.168.1.6]:2890) cant be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:j3ee8eoTo2XEv0QxCYmxphMipcNRxC+IONPmt1HwRLg.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:25:e2:b4:08:f2:79:7d:6e:42:84:b5:78:3d:6a:81:20.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

root@192.168.1.6s password:

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh -p 2890 root@192.168.1.6"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@youxi2 ~]# ssh -p 2890 root@192.168.1.6

Last login: Sun May 12 17:24:54 2019 from youxi2.cn

[root@youxi1 ~]#

Centos7利用rsync实现文件同步

0x01 测试环境

CentOS 7.4 Rsync服务端：192.168.204.130 CentOS 7.4 Rsync客户端：192.168.204.168

0x02 rsync同步方式

第一种方式：rsync通过ssh方式同步

1、Rsync服务端和客户端都需要安装rsync

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install rsync

2、使用

前提：需知道远程服务器开启ssh端口和账号密码

A、推文件：

[root@localhost tmp]# rsync -av /etc/passwd 192.168.204.168:/tmp/passwd.txt

B、拉文件

[root@localhost tmp]# rsync -av 192.168.204.168:/tmp/passwd.txt /tmp/test.txt

指定ssh端口

[root@localhost tmp]# rsync -av -e "ssh -p 22" 192.168.204.168:/tmp/passwd.txt /tmp/a.txt

第二种方式：rsync通过服务的方式同步

服务端配置：

1、编辑配置文件/etc/rsyncd.conf

motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd transfer logging = yes log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log port = 873 address = 192.168.204.130 uid = nobody gid = nobody use chroot = no read only = no max connections = 10 [common] comment = rsync info path = /tmp ignore errors auth users = admin secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets hosts allow = 192.168.204.0/255.255.255.0 hosts deny = * list = false

2、创建用户密码文件

echo "admin:123456" > /etc/rsyncd.secrets chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets

3、创建提示信息文件：

echo "rsync info" > /etc/rsyncd.motd

4、启动服务：

rsync --daemon echo "rsync --daemon" >> /etc/rc.local

客户端配置：

创建密码文件（免密码输入）：

echo "123456" > /root/passwd chmod 600 /root/passwd

拉取：

rsync -avz --password-file=/root/passwd admin@192.168.204.130::common /tmp

推送：

rsync -avz --password-file=/root/passwd /tmp/ admin@192.168.204.130::common

定时任务：

1、新建一个rsync.sh文件，在文件中写入执行同步的命令：

rsync -avz --password-file=/root/passwd admin@192.168.204.130::common /tmp >/dev/null 2>&1

chmod 755 rsync.sh

2、执行命令：crontab -e

在定时文件中写入定时执行任务，实例如下： /home/rsync.sh 每分钟执行一次同步脚本； 0 /home/rsync.sh 每小时执行一次同步脚本； 0 0 /home/rsync.sh 每天零点执行一次同步脚本； 0 9,18 * /home/rsync.sh 每天的9AM和6PM执行一次同步脚本；

TIPS:匿名访问测试

列举整个同步目录或指定目录： rsync 10.0.0.12 :: rsync 10.0.0.12 :: www /

下载文件或目录到本地： rsync – avz 10.0.0.12 :: WWW/ /var/tmp rsync – avz 10.0.0.12 :: www/ /var/tmp

上传本地文件到服务端： rsync -avz webshell 10.0.0.12 :: WWW /