初识CentOS服务命令大全
原创转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/kluan/p/4458264.html
(1)系统架构
查看内核
-
uname -s -r
- Linux 2.6. 32- 358.el6.x86_64
查看发布版本
-
cat /etc/redhat-release
- CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
查看CPU架构
-
arch
- x86_64(x86_64表示 64位机器/i686表示 32位机器)
-
getconf LONG_BIT
- 64
(2)用户设置
添加用户
-
/usr/sbin/useradd user1 -d /home/user1 -G nobody
-
passwd user1
- New password: 123456
- Retype new password: 123456
- passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
确认用户
-
id user1
删除用户
-
userdel -r user1
赋予root权限
-
usermod -G wheel hoge
-
vi /etc/pam.d/su
- auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid # <= 取消注释
用户一览
-
cat /etc/passwd
(3)网络设置
设置IP
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-
DEVICE= "eth0"
-
OTPROTO= "static" # <=
-
HWADDR= "00:0C:29:53:A5:AE"
-
IPV6INIT= "no" # <=
-
NM_CONTROLLED= "yes"
-
ONBOOT= "yes"
-
TYPE= "Ethernet"
-
UUID= "1ca6acf4-ebce-415a-a89b-bf89a67819ff"
-
IPADDR= "xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
-
NETMASK= "255.255.255.0" # <=
-
GATEWAY= "xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
-
DNS1= "xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
-
service network restart
-
Shutting down interface eth0:
-
......
-
Connection activated [ OK ]
-
ifconfig
-
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C: 29:2F:D5: 58
-
inet addr:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Bcast:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Mask: 255.255. 255.0
-
......
卸载NestworkManager服务
-
chkconfig NetworkManager off
-
yum -y remove NetworkManager
关闭IPv6
-
service ip6tables stop
-
chkconfig ip6tables off
-
echo "install ipv6 /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable-ipv6.conf
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/network
- NETWORKING_IPV6=no
- IPV6INIT=no
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-
shutdown -r now
-
lsmod | grep ipv6
- 没有ipv6模块
-
netstat -an | grep ffff
- 没有:ffff:开始的IP
-
ifconfig
- 没有inet6 addr起始文本
(4)包管理设置
yum清理
-
yum clean all
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
- Cleaning repos: base extras updates
- Cleaning up Everything
-
yum makecache
- Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
- Determining fastest mirrors
- ………….
- Metadata Cache Created
yum更新
-
yum -y update
自动更新
-
yum -y install yum-cron
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/yum-cron
- CHECK_ONLY=yes
- DOWNLOAD_ONLY=yes
-
/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-cron start
-
chkconfig yum-cron on
-
chkconfig --list yum-cron
自动查找最快的图像
-
yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
-
vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf
- enabled= 0 ← 0:无效 1:有效
添加repository
-
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
-
rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release- 0.5. 3- 1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
-
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo
-
enabled= 0
-
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install xxxx
-
rpm -Uvh http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/ 6/x86_64/epel-release- 6- 8.noarch.rpm
-
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
-
enabled= 0
-
yum --enablerepo=epel install xxxx
(5)设置vim
-
yum -y install vim-enhanced
-
vi /etc/profile
- alias vi= vim
-
source /etc/profile
-
vi /etc/vimrc
(6)安全设置
关闭SELinux
-
getenforce
-
setenforce 0 ← 临时关机
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
- SELINUX=enforcing
- ↓
- SELINUX=disabled
停止iptables
-
/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
- iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
- iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
- iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
-
chkconfig iptables off
-
chkconfig --list iptables
- iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
(7)系统运行状态
磁盘使用情况
-
df -h
-
yum -y install sysstat
-
iostat
内存使用情况
-
free -m
CPU和内存
-
cat /proc/cpuinfo
-
cat /proc/meminfo
(8)其他
地方化
-
yum -y groupinstall "Japanese Support"
-
vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
- LANG= "en_US.UTF-8"
- ↓
- LANG= "ja_JP.UTF-8"
-
source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
-
echo $LANG
- ja_JP.UTF- 8
-
shutdown -r now
停止不必要的服务
-
chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
-
service ip6tables stop
-
chkconfig ip6tables off
编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter)
-
yum -y install nkf
-
vi readme.txt
- test
- 漢字
-
nkf -g readme.txt
- UTF- 8 (LF)
-
nkf -s --overwrite readme.txt
-
nkf -g readme.txt
- Shift_JIS (LF)
-
nkf -j --overwrite readme.txt
-
nkf -g readme.txt
- ISO- 2022-JP (LF)
安装gcc
-
rpm -qa gcc
-
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
-
gcc -v
- Using built-in specs.
- Target: i686-redhat-linux
- …………
- gcc version 4.4. 7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4. 7- 4) (GCC)
安装PCRE
-
cd /usr/local/src
-
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre- 8.35.tar.gz
-
tar zxvf pcre- 8.35.tar.gz
-
cd /usr/local/src/pcre- 8.35
-
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/ 8.35
-
make clean
-
make && make install
-
PATH=/usr/local/pcre/ 8.35/bin:$PATH
-
vi /etc/ld.so.conf
- /usr/local/pcre/ 8.35/lib ← 最后添加
-
ldconfig
-
rpm -qa pcre
- pcre- 7.8- 6.el6.x86_64
-
pcretest -C
- PCRE version 7.8 2008- 09- 05
安装OpenSSL
-
cd /usr/local/src
-
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl- 1.0.1h.tar.gz
-
tar xzvf openssl- 1.0.1h.tar.gz
-
cd openssl- 1.0.1h
-
./config shared -fPIC
-
make && make install
-
vi /etc/ld.so.conf
- /usr/local/ssl/lib ← 最后添加
-
ldconfig
-
ldconfig -f /etc/ld.so.conf -vp|grep ssl/lib
- libssl.so. 1.0. 0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so. 1.0. 0
- libssl.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so
- libcrypto.so. 1.0. 0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so. 1.0. 0
- libcrypto.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so
-
/usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl version
- OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014
NTP同步时间
引用
yum -y install ntp
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
vi /etc/ntp.conf
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org
server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org
ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org
/etc/init.d/ntpd start
ntpq -p
ntpstat
-
-
yum update glibc
-
rpm -qa | grep glibc
- 2.12- 1.149.el6_6. 5
-
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